THE MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY Dr Lund commences his account by explaining the circum- stances under which the fossil remains he is about to describe are found.

" They are all found, " he says, " in the caves which occur in the calcareous rocks that traverse, in various directions the interior Highlands of Brazil.

A mountain chain composed of this rock diverges from the principal chain of the central plateau (Serra do Espinhao) in the neighbour- hood of the capital of the Province Minas, and extends to- wards the north west, dividing the waters of the rivers Rio das Velhas and Paraopeba.

It is this chain which has hi- therto formed the richest field of my researches ; and indeed it is to the caves on its eastern declivity that I am indebted for all the relics of the inhabitants of a former world which I yet possess.

Its western side presents fewer caves, and I have not been so fortunate as to find any trace of animal remains in them, any more than in the numerous caverns contained in the other small limestone chains connected dth the above principal range.